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C00001 00001
C00002 00002	.ASEC(Bibliography)
C00004 00003	. ASSEC(References)
C00025 00004	Kac, Mark, and S. Ulam, 4Mathematics and Logic: Retrospects and Prospects*,
C00050 00005	.ASSECP(Documentation)
C00054 ENDMK
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.ASEC(Bibliography)


All the references  below have actually  been read as  background for
AM.    They   form  a  large  yet  far  from  comprehensive  list  of
publications dealing  with automated  theory formation  and with  how
mathematicians do research.   
I relied most heavily
upon those marked with a
"⊗8α@⊗*" sign) 

First is  a listing of the  books, articles, and memos which were read,
followed by some
pointers to real-world
documentation, the AM program itself, etc.

.BIB: ASECNUM    ;

. ASSEC(References)

<<A uniform style, please!>

.BEGIN FILL SINGLE SPACE  PREFACE 1 INDENT 0,4,0 ; ONCE PREFACE 2

⊗8α@⊗* Adams, James L., ⊗4Conceptual Blockbusting⊗*, W.H. Freeman and Co.,
San Francisco, 1974.

Allendoerfer, Carl B., and Oakley, Cletis O., ⊗4Principles of
Mathematics⊗*, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1969.

Alexander, Stephen, ⊗4On the Fundamental Principles of Mathematics⊗*,
B. L. Hamlen, New Haven, 1849.

Amarel, Saul, ⊗4An Approach to Heuristic Problem Solving and Theorem Proving
in Propositional Calculus⊗*, in (Hart and Takasu, eds.)
⊗4Systems and Computer Science⊗*, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1967.

Amarel, Saul, ⊗4On Representations of Problems of Reasoning about
Actions⊗*, Machine Intelligence 3, 1968, pp. 131-171.

Arnheim, Rudolph, ⊗4Visual Thinking⊗*, U. of Ca. Press, Berkeley, 1969.

Aschenbrenner, Karl, ⊗4The Concepts of Value⊗*, D. Reidel Publishing
Company, Dordrecht, Holland, 1971.

Atkin, A. O. L., and Birch, B. J., eds., ⊗4Computers in Number Theory⊗*,
Proceedings of the 1969 SRCA Oxford Symposium, Academic Press, New York, 
1971.

Avey, Albert E., ⊗4The Function and Forms of Thought⊗*, Henry Holt and
Company, New York, 1927.

⊗8α@⊗* Badre, Nagib A., ⊗4Computer Learning From English Text⊗*, Memorandum
No. ERL-M372, Electronics Research Laboratory, UCB, December 20, 1972.
Also summarized in ⊗4CLET -- A Computer Program that Learns Arithmetic
from an Elementary Textbook⊗*, IBM Research Report RC 4235, February
21, 1973.

Bahm, A. J., ⊗4Types of Intuition⊗*, University of New Mexico Press,
Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1960.

Banks, J. Houston, ⊗4Elementary-School Mathematics⊗*, Allyn and Bacon,
Boston, 1966.

Berkeley, Edmund C., ⊗4A Guide to Mathematics for the Intelligent
Nonmathematician⊗*, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1966.

Berkeley, Hastings, ⊗4Mysticism in Modern Mathematics⊗*, Oxford U. Press,
London, 1910.

Berliner, Hans, ⊗4Chess as Problem Solving: The Development of a Tactics Analyzer⊗*,
Carnegie-Mellon University Computer Science Department Thesis, March, 1974.

Beth, Evert W., and Piaget, Jean, ⊗4Mathematical Epistemology and
Psychology⊗*, Gordon and Breach, New York, 1966.

Beveridge, W. I., ⊗4The Art of Scientific Investigation⊗*, Vintage Books, N.Y. 1950.

Biermann, Alan W., ⊗4Approaches to Automatic Programming⊗*, in Advances
in Computers, Volume 15, Academic Press, 1976.

Black, Max, ⊗4Margins of Precision⊗*, Cornell University Press,
Ithaca, New York, 1970.

Blackburn, Simon, ⊗4Reason and Prediction⊗*, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1973.

Blalock, H. M., ⊗4Theory Construction⊗*, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs,
N.J., 1969.

Bledsoe, W. W., ⊗4Splitting and Reduction Heuristics in Automatic
Theorem Proving⊗*, Artificial Intelligence 2, 1971, pp. 55-77.

Bledsoe and Bruell, Peter, ⊗4A Man-Machine Theorem-Proving System⊗*,
Artificial Intelligence 5, 1974, 51-72.

Bobrow, D., and A. Collins, (eds.), ⊗4Representation and Understanding⊗*,
Academic Press, S.F., 1975.

Bobrow, D., and D. Norman, ⊗4Some Principles of Memory Schemata⊗*,
XEROX PARC  Memo CSL 75-4, Palo Alto, July, 1975.

Bobrow, Daniel G., and Terry Winograd,
⊗4An Overview of KRL, A Knowledge Representation Language⊗*,
Journal of Cognitive Science, Vol 1, No 1, January 1977.

Bongard, Mikhail M., ⊗4Pattern Recognition⊗*, (J Hawkins, ed.; T. Cheron, translator,)
Spartan Books, N.Y., 1970.

Bourbaki, Nicholas, ⊗4The Architechture of Mathematics⊗*, American Mathematics
Monthly, v. 57, pp. 221-232, Published by the MAA, Albany, NY, 1950.

⊗8α@⊗* Boyer, Robert S., and J S. Moore, ⊗4Proving Theorems about LISP Functions⊗*,
JACM, V. 22, No. 1, January, 1975, pp. 129-144.

⊗8α@⊗* Brotz, Douglas K., ⊗4Embedding Heuristic Problem Solving Methods in a
Mechanical Theorem Prover⊗*, dissertation published as Stanford Computer
Science Report STAN-CS-74-443, August, 1974.

Brown, G. Spencer, ⊗4Laws of Form⊗*, The Julian Press, Inc., N.Y. 1972.

Bruijn, N. G. de, ⊗4AUTOMATH, a language for mathematics⊗*, Les Presses de
L'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, 1973.
(Notes of lectures which were given in June, 1971.) 

Bruner, Jerome S., Goodnow, J. J., and Austin, G. A., ⊗4A Study of
Thinking⊗*, Harvard Cognition Project, John Wiley & Sons,
New York, 1956.

Buchanan, Bruce G., G. Sutherland, and E. Feigenbaum, ⊗4Heuristic Dendral:
A Program for Generating Explanatory Hypotheses in Organic Chemistry⊗*,
in (Meltzer and Michie, eds.) Machine Intelligence 4, American Elsevier Pub.,
N.Y., 1969, pp. 209-254.

⊗8α@⊗* Buchanan, Bruce G., E. Feigenbaum, and Sridharan, 
⊗4Heuristic Theory Formation⊗*,
Machine Intelligence 7, 1972, pp. 267-290.

Buchanan, Bruce G., ⊗4Scientific Theory Formation by Computer⊗*,
NATO Advanced Study Institute on Computer Oriented Learning Processes,
Bonas, France, 1974.

Buchanan, Bruce G., ⊗4Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Scientific
Reasoning⊗*, Second USA-Japan Computer Conference, 
Tokyo, August 26-28.
Published by AFIPS and IPSJ,
Tokyo, 1975, pp. 189-194.

⊗8α@⊗* Bundy, Alan, ⊗4Doing Arithmetic with Diagrams⊗*, 3rd International
Joint  Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), Stanford,
1973, pp. 130-138.

Burstall, R., and J. Darlington, ⊗4A Transformation System for Developing
Recursive Programs⊗*, University of Edinburgh AI Research Report,  March, 1976.

Charosh, Mannis, ⊗4Mathematical Challenges⊗*, NCTM, Washington, D.C., 1965.

Chester, Daniel, ⊗4The Translation of Formal Proofs into English⊗*,
U. Texas at Austin Computer Science Dept. Technical Report NL-26, June, 1975.

Church, A., ⊗4The calculi of Lambda-conversion⊗*, Princeton University Press,
Princeton, 1941.

Churchman, C. W., ⊗4The Role of Weltanschauung in Problem Solving and Inquiry⊗*,
in (Banerji and Mesarovic, eds.) ⊗4Theoretical Approaches to Non-Numerical
Problem Solving⊗*, Springer Verlag, N.Y. 1970, pp. 141-151.

Cohen, Paul J., ⊗4Set Theory and the Continuum Hypothesis⊗*,  W.A.Benjamin, Inc.,
New York, 1966.

Colby, Kenneth Mark, "Simulations of belief systems", in [Schank and Colby 73].

COSRIMS (The National Research Council's Committee on Support of Research
in the Mathematical Sciences with the Collaboration of George A. W. Boehm),
⊗4The Mathematical Sciences: A Collection of Essays⊗*, The MIT Press, 1969.

Copeland, Richard W., ⊗4How Children Learn Mathematics⊗*, The MacMillan
Company, London, 1970.

Courant, Richard, and Robins, Herbert, ⊗4What is Mathematics⊗*, 
Oxford University Press, New York, 1941.

Daalen, D. T. van, ⊗4A Description of AUTOMATH and some aspects of its language
theory⊗*, in the Proceedings of the Symposium on APL, Paris, December, 1973,
P. Braffort (ed). This volume also contains other, more detailed articles on this
project, by  Bert Jutting and Ids Zanlevan.

Dahl, Ole-Johan, et. al., ⊗4SIMULA-67: A Common Base Language⊗*, Norwegian
Computing Center Publication No. S-2, Oslo, 1968.

Darlington, J., and R. Burstall, 
⊗4A System Which Automatically Improves
Programs⊗*, 3rd IJCAI, 1973, pp. 479-485. 

D'Augustine, Charles, ⊗4Multiple Methods of Teaching Mathematics in the
Elementary School⊗*, Harper & Row, New York, 1968.

Davis, Randall, ⊗4Applications of Meta Level Knowledge to the Construction,
Maintenance and Use of Large Knowledge Bases,⊗* Stanford AI Lab Memo 283, July, 1976.

Dijkstra, Edsger W., ⊗4A Discipline of Programming⊗*, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 
Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1976.

Dodge, Clayton W., ⊗4Sets, Logic, and Numbers⊗*, Prindle, Weber & Schmidt, Inc.,
Boston, 1969.

Dornbusch, Sanford, and Scott, ⊗4Evaluation and the Exercise of Authority⊗*,
Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 1975.

Douglas, Mary (ed.), ⊗4Rules and Meanings⊗*, Penguin Education,
Baltimore, Md., 1973.

Dowdy, S. M., ⊗4Mathematics: Art and Science⊗*, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1971.

Dubin, Robert, ⊗4Theory Building⊗*, The Free Press, New York,  1969.

Dubs, Homer H., ⊗4Rational Induction⊗*, U. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1930.

Dudley, Underwood, ⊗4Elementary Number Theory⊗*, W. H. Freeman and
Company, San Francisco, 1969.

Eddington, Sir Arthur Stanley, ⊗4New Pathways in Science⊗*, Macmillan Co. N.Y., 1935.

Engelman, C., ⊗4MATHLAB: A Program for On-Line Assistance in Symbolic Computation⊗*,
in Proceedings of the FJCC, Volume 2, Spartan Books, 1965.

Engelman, C., ⊗4MATHLAB '68⊗*, in IFIP, Edinburgh, 1968.

Evans, Thomas G., ⊗4A 
Program for the Solution of Geometric-Analogy Intelligence Test
Questions⊗*, in [Minsky 68], pp. 271-353.

Eynden, Charles Vanden, ⊗4Number Theory: An Introduction to Proof⊗*, 
International Textbook Company, Scranton, Pennsylvania, 1970.

Feigenbaum, Edward A., ⊗4EPAM: The Simulation of Verbal Learning Behavior⊗*, in
[Feigenbaum & Feldman 63], Part 2, Section 2, pp. 297-309.

Feigenbaum, Edward A., and Julian Feldman (eds.), ⊗4Computers and
Thought⊗*, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, New York, 1963.

Feigenbaum, E., B. Buchanan,
and J. Lederberg,
⊗4On Generality and Problem Solving: A Case
Study Using The DENDRAL Program⊗*, in (eds Meltzer and Michie) Machine
Intelligence 6, 1971, pp 165-190.

Fogel, Lawrence, A. Owens, and M. Walsh, ⊗4Artificial Intelligence
Through Simulated Evolution⊗*, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N.Y., 1966.
 
Fuller, R. Buckminster, ⊗4Intuition⊗*, Doubleday, Garden City, New York,
1972.

Fuller, R. Buckminster, ⊗4Synergetics⊗*, Macmillan Co., N.Y., 1975.

Gardner, Martin, ⊗4Mathematical Games⊗*, Scientific American, numerous columns,
including especially:  February, 1975.

GCMP, ⊗4Key Topics in Mathematics⊗*, Science Research Associates,
Palo Alto, 1965.

⊗8α@⊗* Gelernter, H., ⊗4Realization of a Geometry-Theorem Proving Machine⊗*,
in [Feigenbaum & Feldman 63], Part 1, Section 3,
pages 134-152.

George, F. H., ⊗4Models of Thinking⊗*, Schenkman Publishing Co., Inc.,
Cambridge, Mass., 1972.

Goldstine, Herman H., and J. von Neumann, ⊗4On the Principles of Large Scale
Computing Machines,⊗* pages 1:33 of Volumne 5 of A. H. Taub (ed), ⊗4The
Collected Works of John von Neumann⊗*, Pergamon Press, NY, 1963.

Goldstein, Ira, ⊗4Elementary Geometry Theorem Proving⊗*, MIT AI Memo 280,
April, 1973.

Goodstein, R. L., ⊗4Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics⊗*, Pergamon Press, 
New York, 1962.

Goodstein, R. L., ⊗4Recursive Number Theory⊗*, North-Holland Publishing Co.,
Amsterdam, 1964.

Green, Waldinger, Barstow, Elschlager, Lenat, McCune, Shaw, and Steinberg,
⊗4Progress Report on Program-Understanding Systems⊗*, Memo AIM-240,
CS Report STAN-CS-74-444,Artificial Intelligence Laboratory,
Stanford University, August, 1974.

Guard, J. R., et al., ⊗4Semi-Automated Mathematics⊗*, JACM 16,
January, 1969, pp. 49-62.

⊗8α@⊗* Hadamard, Jaques, ⊗4The Psychology of Invention in the Mathematical
Field⊗*, Dover Publications, New York, 1945.

Halmos, Paul R., ⊗4Innovation in Mathematics⊗*, in
Kline, M. (ed), ⊗4Mathematics in the Modern World: Readings from Scientific
American⊗*, W.H.Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 1968, pp. 6-13. Originally in
Scientific American, September, 1958.

Halmos, Paul R., ⊗4Naive Set Theory⊗*, D. Van Nostrand Co., 
Princeton, 1960.

Hanson, Norwood R., ⊗4Perception and Discovery⊗*, Freeman, Cooper & Co.,
San Francisco, 1969.

Hardy, G. H.,  and E. M. Wright, ⊗4An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers⊗*,
Oxford U. Press, London, 1938. (Fourth edition, 1960)

Harre, Rom, ⊗4The Principles of Scientific Thinking⊗*, The U. of Chicago Press, 1970.

Hartman, Robert S., ⊗4The Structure of Value: Foundations of Scientific
Axiology⊗*, Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, Ill., 1967.

Hasse, H., ⊗4Mathemakik als Wissenschaft, Kunst und Macht⊗*,
(Mathematics as Science, Art, and Power), Baden-Badeb, 1952.

Hayes-Roth, Frederick, and Victor R. Lesser, ⊗4Focus of Attention in a Distributed
Speech Understanding System⊗*, Computer Science Dept. Memo , Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pa., January 12, 1976.

Hempel, Carl G., ⊗4Fundamentals of Concept Formation in Empirical
Science⊗*, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1952.

Hesse, Mary B., ⊗4Models and Analogies in Science⊗*, U. of Notre Dame Press, 1970.

⊗8α@⊗* Hewitt, Carl, ⊗4A Universal Modular ACTOR Formalism for
Artificial Intelligence⊗*, Third International Joint Conference on
Artificial Intelligence,
1973, pp. 235-245.
.COMMENT Maybe a better ACTORS reference?;

Hewitt, Carl, ⊗4Viewing Control Structures as Patterns of Passing Messages⊗*,
MIT AI Lab Working Paper 92, April, 1976.

Hibben, John Grier, ⊗4Inductive Logic⊗*, Charles Scribner's Sons,
New York, 1896.

Hilpinen, Risto, ⊗4Rules of Acceptance and Inductive Logic⊗*, Acta
Philosophica Fennica, Fasc. 22, North-Holland Publishing Company,
Amsterdam, 1968.

Hintikka, Jaako, ⊗4Knowledge and Belief⊗*, Cornell U. Press, Ithaca, NY, 1962.

Hintikka, Jaako, and Suppes, Patrick (eds.), ⊗4Aspects of Inductive
Logic⊗*, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1966.

Iberall, Arthur S., ⊗4Toward a General Science of Viable Systems⊗*,
McGraw-Hill Book Co., N.Y. 1972.

Jouvenal, Bertrand de, ⊗4The Art of Conjecture⊗*, Basic Books, Inc.,
New York, 1967.

Kac, Mark, and S. Ulam, ⊗4Mathematics and Logic: Retrospects and Prospects⊗*,
Frederick A. Praeger, N.Y. 1968.

⊗8α@⊗* Kershner, R.B., and L.R.Wilcox, ⊗4The Anatomy of Mathematics⊗*, The Ronald
Press Company, New York, 1950.

Klauder, Francis J., ⊗4The Wonder of Intelligence⊗*, Christopher
Publishing House, North Quincy, Mass., 1973.

<<Klehrer?>

Klerner, M., and J. Reinfeld, eds., ⊗4Interactive Systems for Applied Mathematics⊗*,
ACM Symposium, held in Washington, D.C., August, 1967. Academic Press, NY, 1968.

Kline, M. (ed), ⊗4Mathematics in the Modern World: Readings from Scientific
American⊗*, W.H.Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 1968.

⊗8α@⊗* Kling, Robert Elliot, ⊗4Reasoning by Analogy with Applications to Heuristic
Problem Solving: A Case Study⊗*, Stanford Artificial Intelligence Project
Memo AIM-147, CS Department report CS-216, August, 1971.

Kling, Robert E., ⊗4A Paradigm for Reasoning by Analogy⊗*,
Artificial Intelligence 2, 1971, pp. 147-178.

Knuth, Donald, 
⊗4Fundamental Algorithms⊗*, volume 1 of
⊗4The Art of Computer Programming⊗*, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,
Menlo Park, 1968.

Knuth, Donald, ⊗4Surreal Numbers⊗*, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,
Reading, Mass., l974.

Knuth,Donald E., ⊗4Ancient Babylonian Algorithms⊗*,
CACM 15, July, 1972, pp. 671-677.

Kochen, Manfred, ⊗4Representations and Algorithms for Cognitive Learning⊗*,
J. Artificial Intelligence 5, 1974, pp. 199-216.

Koestler, Arthur, ⊗4The Act of Creation⊗*,  New York, Dell Pub., 1967.

Koppelman, Elaine, "Progress in Mathematics", in the ⊗4Proceedings of the
Workshop on the Historical Development of Modern Mathematics⊗*, July, 1975.

Korner, Stephan, ⊗4Conceptual Thinking⊗*, Dover Publications, New York,
1959.

Krivine, Jean-Louis, ⊗4Introduction to Axiomatic Set Theory⊗*, Humanities Press,
New York, 1971.

Kubinski, Tadeusz, ⊗4On Structurality of Rules of Inference⊗*, Prace
Wroclawskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego, Seria A, Nr. 107, Worclaw, 
Poland, 1965.

Lakatos, Imre (ed.), ⊗4The Problem of Inductive Logic⊗*, North-Holland 
Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1968.

Lamon, William E., ⊗4Learning and the Nature of Mathematiccs⊗*, Science
Research Associates, Palo Alto, 1972.

Lang, Serge, ⊗4Algebra⊗*, Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park, 1971.

Lederberg, Joshua, ⊗4DENDRAL-64: A System for Computer Construction,
Enumeration, and Notation of Organic Molecules as Tree Structures and
Cyclic Graphs⊗*, Parts I-V of the Interim Report to NASA, 1964.

Lederberg, Joshua;  Review of [Weizenbaum 76], published in New York Times, 1976.

Lee, Richard C. T., ⊗4Fuzzy Logic and the Resolution Principle⊗*,
JACM 19, January, 1972, pp. 109-119.

Lefrancois, Guy R., ⊗4Psychological Theories and Human Learning⊗*, 1972.

Le Lionnais, F., ⊗4Great Currents of Mathematical Thought⊗*, Dover
Publications, New York, 1971.

Lenat, D., ⊗4Synthesis of Large Programs from Specific Dialogues⊗*,
Proceedings of the
International Symposium on Proving and Improving Programs, Le Chesnay,
France, July, 1975a.

Lesser, V., R.D. Fennell, L. D. Erman, and D. R. Reddy, ⊗4Organization of
the Hearsay-II Speech Understanding System⊗*, in IEEE Transactions on
Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Volume ASSP-23, 1975, pp. 11-23.

Linderholm, Carl E., ⊗4Mathematics Made Difficult⊗*, World Publishing Co., N.Y. 1972.

⊗8α@⊗* Lenat, D., ⊗4BEINGs: Knowledge as Interacting Experts⊗*, 4th IJCAI, Tbilisi,
Georgian SSR, USSR, 1975b.

Lombardi, L.A., and B. Raphael, "LISP as the language for an incremental
computer", in THE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE LISP: ITS OPERATION AND APPLICATIONS,
(E. C. Berkeley and D. G. Bobrow, eds.), published in 1964 by Information
International Inc.

Low, James R.,  ⊗4Automatic Coding: Choice of Data Structures,⊗*
SAIL AI Memo AIM-242, August, 1974. 

McCarthy, John, and Hayes, Patrick, ⊗4Some Philosophical Problems
from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence⊗*, Machine Intelligence
4, 1969, pp. 463-502.

McDermott, Drew, ⊗4Artificial Intelligence Meets Natural Stupidity⊗*,
in Sigart Newsletter, No. 57, April, 1976, pp. 4-9.

Margenau, Henry, ⊗4Integrative Principles of Modern Thought⊗*, Gordon
and Breach, New York, 1972.

Martin, James, ⊗4Design of Man-Computer Dialogues⊗*, Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1973.

Martin, R. M., ⊗4Toward a Systematic Pragmatics⊗*, North Holland Publishing
Company, Amsterdam, 1959.

Martin, W., and R. Fateman, ⊗4The MACSYMA System⊗*, in (S. Petrick, ed.) Second
Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation,
ACM SIGSAM, N.Y. (conference was held in Los Angeles),
1971, pp. 59-75.

Maxwell, E. A., ⊗4Fallacies in Mathematics⊗*, University Press at Cambridge, G.B.,
1959.

Mendelson, Elliott, ⊗4Introduction to Mathematical Logic⊗*, Van Nostrand Reinhold
Company, New York, 1964.

Menges, Gunter, ⊗4Inference and Decision⊗*, 
in ⊗4Selecta Statistica Canadiana⊗*,
John Wiley & Sons, New York,  1973, pp. 1-16.

Meyer, Jerome S., ⊗4Fun With Mathematics⊗*, Fawcett Publications,
Greenwich, Connecticut, 1952.

Minsky, Marvin, editor, ⊗4Semantic Information Processing⊗*, The
MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1968.

Minsky, Marvin, ⊗4Frames⊗*, in [Winston 75].

Mirsky, L., ⊗4Studies in Pure Mathematics⊗*, Academic Press, New
York, 1971.

Moore, J S., ⊗4Introducing Iteration into the Pure LISP Theorem Prover⊗*,
XEROX PARC report CSL-74-3, Palo Alto, 1975.


Moore, Jim and Allen Newell, "How can MERLIN understand?,"
in Gregg (ed.) ⊗4Knowledge and Cognition,⊗* Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates, 1973.

Moore, Robert C., ⊗4D-SCRIPT: A Computational Theory of Descriptions⊗*,
MIT AI Memo 278, February, 1973.

Nagel, Ernst, ⊗4The Structure of Science⊗*, Harcourt, Brace, & World, Inc.,
N. Y., 1961.

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, ⊗4The Growth of Mathematical
Ideas⊗*, 24th yearbook, NCTM, Washington, D.C., 1959.

Neumann, J. von, ⊗4The Mathematician⊗*, in R.B. Heywood (ed), ⊗4The Works
of the Mind⊗*, U. Chicago Press, pp. 180-196, 1947.

Neumann, J. von, ⊗4The Computer and the Brain⊗*, Silliman Lectures, Yale U. Press,
1958.

Nevins, Arthur J., ⊗4A Human Oriented Logic for Automatic Theorem
Proving⊗*, MIT AI Memo 268, October, 1972.

Nevins, Arthur J., ⊗4Plane Geometry Theorem Proving Using Forward Chaining⊗*,
Artificial Intelligence 6, Spring 1975, pp. 1-23.

Newell, Allen, J. Shaw, and H. Simon, ⊗4Empirical Explorations of the Logic
Theory Machine: A Case Study in Heuristics⊗*, RAND Corp. Report P-951,
March, 1957.

Newell, Allen, and Simon, Herbert, ⊗4Human Problem Solving⊗*,
Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1972. 

Newell, A. "Heuristic Programming: Ill-Structured Problems", in
(ed. Aronofsky, A.) ⊗4Progress in Operations Research III⊗*, John Wiley and Sons, 1969.

Newell, A., ⊗4Production Systems: Models of Control Structures⊗*, May,
1973 CMU Report, also published in (W.G. Chase, ed.) ⊗4Visual
Information Processing⊗*, NY: Academic Press, Chapter 10, pp. 463-526. 

Newell, Allen, and Simon, Herbert, ⊗4Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols
and Sarch⊗*, the 1975 ACM Turing Award Lecture, printed in CACM 19, No. 3,
March, 1976, pp. 113-126.

Nicolle, Charles, ⊗4Biologie de l'Invention⊗*, source unknown.

Niven, Ivan, and Zuckerman, Herbert, ⊗4An Introduction to the Theory
of Numbers⊗*, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1960.

Norman, Donald A., ⊗4Cognitive Organization and Leraning⊗*, Fifth International
Symposium on Attention and Performance, Stockholm, 1973. Also Technical Report 37,
Center for Human Information Processing, Dept. of Psychology, U.C.S.D.


Norman, D., and D. Bobrow, ⊗4On Data-limited and Resource-limited Processes⊗*,
Journal of Cognitive Psychology, Volume 7, 1975, pp. 44-64.

Norman, D., and D. Rumelhart, ⊗4Explorations in Cognition⊗*, W. H. Freeman & Co.,
S.F., 1975.

Olson, Robert G., ⊗4Meaning and Argument⊗*, Harcourt, Brace & World,
New York, 1969.

Ore, Oystein, ⊗4Number Theory and its History⊗*, McGraw-Hill, 
New York, 1948.

Pager, David, ⊗4A Proposal for a Computer-based Interactive Scientific
Community⊗*, CACM 15, February, 1972, pp. 71-75.

Pager, David, ⊗4On the Problem of Communicating Complex Information⊗*,
CACM 16, May, 1973, pp. 275-281.

Papert, Seymour, ⊗4Teaching Children to be Mathematicians Versus Teaching
About Mathematics⊗*, in the International Journal of Mathematical Education in
Science and Technology, Volume 3, No. 3, July-September, 1972, pp. 249-262.

Parish, Charles, and Roy McCormick, ⊗4A Structral Approach to Arithmetic⊗*,
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., N.Y., 1970.

Parker, Francis D., ⊗4The Structure of Number Systems⊗*, Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, N.J.,  1966.

Piaget, J., ⊗4The Language and Thought of the Child⊗*, The World Publishing Co.,
N.Y., 1955.

Pietarinen, Juhani, ⊗4Lawlikeness, Analogy, and Inductive Logic⊗*,
North-Holland, Amsterdam, published as v. 26 of the series
Acta Philosophica Fennica (J. Hintikka, ed.), 1972.

Pitrat, Jacques, ⊗4Heuristic Interest of using Metatheorems⊗*,
Symposium on Automatic Demonstration, Springer-Verlag, 1970.

⊗8α@⊗* Poincare', Henri, ⊗4The Foundations of Science: Science and Hypothesis,
The Value of Science, Science and Method⊗*, The Science Press, New York,
1929. 
.COMMENT main library, 501  P751F, copy 4;

⊗8α@⊗* Polya, George, ⊗4Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning⊗*, Princeton
University Press, Princeton, Vol. 1, 1954;  Vol. 2, 1954.

⊗8α@⊗* Polya, George, ⊗4How To Solve It⊗*, Second Edition, Doubleday Anchor Books, 
Garden City, New York, 1957.

⊗8α@⊗* Polya, George, ⊗4Mathematical Discovery⊗*, John Wiley & Sons,
New York, Vol. 1, 1962; Vol. 2, 1965.

Pogossian, E. M., ⊗4On Fundaments of the Theory of Automatic Synthesis of Concepts⊗*,
Special report of the Computing Center of the Academy of Science of the Armenian
SSR, Yerevan, USSR, Sept., 1975. [A great title, but just grammatical inference
material inside.]

Popper, K. R., ⊗4The Logic of Scientific Discovery⊗*, Hutchinson, London, 1959.

Pospelov, D.A., V.N. Pushkin, V.N. Sadovskii, ⊗4Toward a definition
of heursitics⊗*, in (V.N.Pushkin, editor) ⊗4Problems of Heuristics⊗*,
Institut Psikhologii Akademii Pedagogicheskikh Nauk SSSR,
Moscow, 1969.


Ramanujan, Srinivasa A., ⊗4Collected Papers⊗*, (Hardy, Aiyar, Wilson, eds.),
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Richardson, Robert P., and Edward H. Landis, ⊗4Fundamental Conceptions of
Modern Mathematics⊗*, The Open Court Publishing Company, Chicago, 1916.

Rosskopf, Steffe, Taback  (eds.), ⊗4Piagetian Cognitive-
Development Research and Mathematical Education⊗*,
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, New York, 1971.

Rulifson, Jeff, 
J. Derksen, and R. Waldinger,
⊗4QA4: A Procedural Calculus for Intuitive Reasoning⊗*, SRI Project 8721,
Technical Note 73, Artificial Intelligence Center, SRI, Menlo
Park, California, November, 1972.

Saaty, Thomas L., and Weyl, F. Joachim (eds.), ⊗4The Spirit and the Uses
of the Mathematical Sciences⊗*, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1969.

Scandura, Joseph M., and John H. Durnin, and  Wallace H. Wulfeck II,
⊗4Higher Order Rule Characterization of Heuristics for Compass and
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Schank, R. and K. Colby, ⊗4Computer Models of Thought and
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<<Schlick ref?>

Schminke, C. W., and Arnold, William R., eds., ⊗4Mathematics is a Verb⊗*,
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Simon, Herbert A., ⊗4The Heuristic Compiler⊗*, in
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1972.

Simon, Herbert A., ⊗4Does Scientific Discovery Have a Logic?⊗*, Philosophy of
Science, Volume 40, No. 4, December, 1973, pp. 471-480.

Singh, Jagjit, ⊗4Great Ideas of Modern Mathematics⊗*, Dover Publications,
New York, 1959.

⊗8α@⊗* Skemp, Richard R., ⊗4The Psychology of Learning Mathematics⊗*, 
Penguin Books, Ltd., Middlesex, England, 1971.

Slocum, Jonathan, ⊗4The Graph-Processing Language GROPE⊗*, U. Texas at Austin,
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⊗8α@⊗* Sloman, Aaron, ⊗4Interactions Between Philosophy and Artificial 
Intelligence: The Role of Intuition and Non-Logical Reasoning in
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⊗8α@⊗* Winston, Patrick, ⊗4Learning Structural Descriptions
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Winston, P., (ed.),
"New Progress in Artificial Intelligence",
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Winston, P., (ed.),
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.END
.ASSECP(Documentation)

.BEGIN TURN OFF "@" TURN ON "{}"

Below are  listed  some references  to earlier  articles, to  on-line
documentation about AM, to the AM program itself, etc.

The AM  representation is a variant of  the "BEINGs" ideas, a modular
representation for  knowledge.    In  his summary  of  the  state  of
Automatic Programming [Bierman], Bierman compares BEINGs with Frames,
Actors, etc., and gives a nice example of BEINGs in action.

History  buffs  may be  interested  in perusing  the  original thesis
proposal  for   AM  (about   50  pages  long).     It   is  kept   as
SYS4[TLK,DBL]@SU-AI.

The  full  body of  knowledge  provided to  AM  is  found in  English
translation on file  GIVEN[TLK,DBL]@SU-AI. This is  a longer,  fuller
treatment  than  the   one  found  in  this  document,   in  Appendix
{[2]ALLCON}.1 and Appendix {[2]ALLHEU}.  The knowledge ⊗4as used⊗* is
of course the  AM program itself.   Needless to  say, it is  ⊗4much⊗*
longer than the excerpts shown in Appendix {[2]CONS}.{[3]CONSEC}.

Said running  AM program  is stored at  SUMEX, on  directory <LENAT>.
From  Interlisp, one need only  load in the file  <LENAT>LT.  This in
turn will load in three files: TOP6, CON6, and UTIL6.  So if you want
to steal AM, take all four files!

Once loaded,  the program is self-explanatory.   It will instruct the
user to type ⊗4(START)⊗*  to begin AM itself.  Once he does this,  AM
will    ask   him    some    questions,    and   then    enter    the
select-and-execute-a-job loop.

A crude "user's  manual" is stored as file MANUAL[AM,DBL]@SU-AI.  The
reader is urged to  glance over it before  running AM, since much  of
the actual  LISP code is  more complicated  than this thesis  made it
seem   (e.g.,   there   are   two   dynamically-adjusted   variables,
Verbosity-level  and Expert-level.  The  former  variable  determines
which events generate a  message, and the latter variable affects the
terseness of each of those printed messages.)

.END